Image processing device, image processisng method, and information terminal apparatus

ABSTRACT

Provision is made for obtaining a high-quality image with noise, such as ringing, reduced. 
     An image processing device includes an image correction means for applying image-shake correction processing to an input image; a correction-image characteristic detection means for detecting a characteristic of a correction image obtained through the image-shake correction processing; a first characteristic-determination means for outputting selection information, based on a characteristic-detected correction image obtained through detection of the characteristic of the correction image; and an image outputting means for outputting the input image or the correction image, based on the selection information. As a result, it is made possible to obtain a high-quality image with noise reduced.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an image processing device and an imageprocessing method for reducing the effect of a hand jiggle at the timeinstant when an image is captured, a jiggle caused by a movement of theimage-capturing system itself, or the like. The present invention can beapplied, for example, to an image-capturing device mounted in aninformation terminal apparatus such as a mobile phone or a PDA (PersonalDigital Assistant), a digital still camera, a digital movie camera, andthe like.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

To date, a phenomenon has been known in which, when a photographicsubject is shot with a silver-salt-film camera or a digital still cameraheld in hands, the camera shake due to a hand jiggle causes suchdeterioration as shifts the captured image in the hand-jiggle direction.

In order to correct the foregoing image deterioration due to a jiggle, amethod in which image capturing is performed by driving the opticalsystem so as to reduce an image shake and a method in which imageprocessing is performed by use of a hand-jiggle amount obtained throughan angular-velocity sensor or the like so as to reduce an image shakehave been proposed (e.g., refer to Patent Document 1).

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1994-27512(Page 7 and FIG. 1).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, the image-shake correction method through image processing maycause noise, such as ringing, in a corrected image, thereby furtherdeteriorating the image quality. In particular, in the case where imageprocessing is applied to an image having a large image-shake amount,such deterioration becomes remarkable. The present invention has beenimplemented in consideration of the foregoing problem; it is theobjective of the present invention to obtain an image with noisereduced, with an image processing device in which an image shake iscorrected through image processing.

An image processing device according to the present invention includesan image correction means for applying image-shake correction processingto an input image; a correction-image characteristic detection means fordetecting a characteristic of a correction image obtained through theimage-shake correction processing; and an image outputting means foroutputting the input image or the correction image, based on a result ofthe detection.

According to the present invention, an image in which noise such asringing is reduced can be obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an imageprocessing device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a chart representing edge components, in the horizontaldirection, of an image;

FIG. 3 is a chart representing edge components, in the verticaldirection, of an image;

FIG. 4 is graphs each representing the distribution of an edge-detectedcorrection image;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an imageprocessing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is graphs each representing the distribution of an edge-detectedinput image;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an imageprocessing device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;and

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an imageprocessing device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS

-   10, 20, 30, and 40: IMAGE-PROCESSING DEVICE-   101: INPUT-IMAGE FRAME MEMORY-   102: IMAGE CORRECTION MEANS-   103: CORRECTION-IMAGE FRAME MEMORY-   104: CORRECTION-IMAGE EDGE DETECTION MEANS-   105: FIRST EDGE DETERMINATION MEANS-   106: IMAGE OUTPUTTING MEANS-   204: INPUT-IMAGE EDGE DETECTION MEANS-   205: SECOND EDGE DETERMINATION MEANS-   307: FIRST SELECTION-INFORMATION CHANGING MEANS-   407: SECOND SELECTION-INFORMATION CHANGING MEANS-   408: FIRST GAIN CONTROLLER-   409: SECOND GAIN CONTROLLER-   411: ADDER

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiment 1

The present invention will be explained in detail below, with referenceto the drawings that show its embodiments.

Based on information about a correction image obtained by applying imageprocessing to an input image, an image processing device 10 according toEmbodiment 1 selects and outputs the input image or the correction imageso as to reduce ringing or the like caused by the image processing.

In other words, an image shake may be caused in the input image. Incontrast, in the correction image obtained by applying image processingto the input image, the image shake is reduced; however, the imageprocessing may cause noise such as ringing. In an image processingdevice according to Embodiment 1, a pixel, in the correction image,determined to include noise is replaced by a pixel in the input image soas to reduce noise in an output image.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an imageprocessing device 10 according to Embodiment 1. In FIG. 1, in the firstplace, an input image obtained through a camera, an image-capturingelement, or the like is inputted to and stored in an input-image framememory 101. Next, the input image outputted from the input-image framememory 101 is inputted to an image correction means 102 where imageprocessing for image-shake correction is applied to the input image. Inaddition, the image-correction algorithm of the image correction means102 will be described later.

An image obtained through the correction processing in the imagecorrection means 102 (referred to as a “correction image”, hereinafter)is inputted to and stored in a correction-image frame memory 103.Additionally, the correction image outputted from the correction-imageframe memory 103 is inputted to a correction-image edge detection means104 where edge components in the correction image are detected. Inaddition, edge detection processing in the correction-image edgedetection means 104 will be described later.

The correction image from which edge components have been detected(referred to as an “edge-detected correction image”) is inputted to afirst edge-determination means 105. Based on information about theedge-detected correction image, the first edge determination means 105determines, for each pixel, whether the edge is the original edge of theimage or noise such as a pseudo edge which is not the original edge, andthen outputs the determination result to an image outputting means 106.In addition, the pixel that has been determined not to be the originaledge of the image may be a constituent portion of a picture pattern or aflat portion in the picture pattern. Edge determination processing inthe first edge-determination means 105 will also be described later.

Based on the determination result inputted from the firstedge-determination means 105, the image outputting means 106 selects,for each pixel, the input image or the correction image and outputs theselected image as an output image, so as to perform image outputprocessing.

<Image-Correction Means>

Next, the details of the processing in each constituent element will beexplained. In the first place, the image correction means 102 will beexplained. The image correction algorithm of the image correction means102 according to Embodiment 1 utilizes an inverse filter derived fromthe least square method with constraint conditions. In other words, theimage correction algorithm is characterized by utilizing an impulseresponse function that indicates an image-shake amount and an inversefilter, of the impulse response function, which is calculated from theimpulse response function. On this occasion, the algorithm for theinverse filtering may be what solves a problem of minimizing the squarenorm of an image whose characteristic is extracted. In addition, thesquare norm is what is calculated as the sum of the squares of theelements of a vector. Additionally, in Embodiment 1, as a characteristicamount, edge information extracted through a Laplacian operator isemployed. That is to say, the image correction means 102 calculates animage-shake correction image, as a solution of a problem of minimizingthe square norm of edge information extracted by means of the Laplacianoperator.

In addition, in order to calculate the inverse filter of an impulseresponse function, it is required to preliminarily calculate the impulseresponse function. The method of calculating the impulse responsefunction may be a method of performing mathematical presumption based ontwo images captured with different shutter speeds or a method ofperforming the calculation by processing a physical signal obtainedthrough an acceleration sensor or the like. In Embodiment 1, thedetailed explanation for the method of calculating the impulse responsefunction will be omitted.

Next, a specific method in which, after the impulse response function iscalculated, a correction image is obtained from an input image will beexplained.

In the first place, the input image and the correction image are eachrendered in a vector-matrix representation, by use of a mathematicalimage model represented by Equation (1). In Equation (1), (i, j)indicates the position of a pixel; in the case of an image having a sizeof M pixels in the vertical direction of a frame and N pixels in thehorizontal direction of the frame, “i” and “j” are integer values, i.e.,i=1, - - - , M and j=1, - - - , N, respectively.

$\begin{matrix}{t_{i,j} = {{\sum\limits_{l = {- L}}^{L}{\sum\limits_{k = {- K}}^{K}{h_{k,l}s_{{i - k},{j - 1}}}}} + v_{i,j}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

In addition, it is assumed that s_(i, j) is a pixel signal for an imagein which an image-shake has been reduced, i.e., a correction image,t_(i, j) is a pixel signal for an image in which an image-shake has beencaused, i.e., an input image, v_(i, j) is an additional-noise componentproduced during image capturing, and h_(k, l) is an impulse responsefunction that indicates an image-shake amount. Additionally, it isassumed that (2K+1) calculated from “K” is the order, in the verticaldirection of the frame, of the impulse response function, and (2L+1)calculated from “L” is the order, in the horizontal direction of theframe, of the impulse response function. In this regard, however, it isassumed that the respective average values of the input image and thecorrection image are zeroes.

This assumption can be calculated by, based on pixel signals for eachimage, calculating the average value of the image, i.e., the bias valueof a captured image obtained through an image-capturing element, and bysubtracting the bias value from all the pixel signals.

Furthermore, assuming that the expected value is equal to the averagevalue (ergodic), E[], as what represents the expected value of “”, canbe represented by the following equation: E[s_(i, j)]=0

E[t_(i, j)]=0 Additionally, it is assumed that additional noise V_(i, j)has a nature that E[s_(i, j) v_(i a, j a)]=0 (ia and ja are arbitrarynumbers). This assumption is an assumption derived from the fact thatadditional noise is almost independent of an image to be captured.

Next, the elements, to be obtained, of the correction image and theinput image are extracted in a lexicographic array so as to be definedby “Vs” and “Vt” as column vectors, and a matrix corresponding to theimpulse response function is represented by “H”. In addition, as is thecase with the impulse response function, the Laplacian operator isrepresented by a matrix, i.e., “C”. On this occasion, the matrices “H”and “C” are block Toeplitz matrices; therefore, because approximatediagonalization can be performed by approximately utilizing thetwo-dimensional discrete Fourier transformation (referred to as “DFT”,hereinafter), high-speed computing processing can be carried out. Byutilizing the foregoing mathematical quantities, an edge-extractionamount J₁ extracted, by use of a Laplacian operator, from the inputimage can be represented as in Equation (2).

J ₁ =∥Cvs∥ ²  (2)

Here, ∥∥ denotes the second norm of “”. In general, in an image, thecorrelation between adjacent pixels is large and the edge-extractionamount is small; therefore, minimization of J₁ represented by Equation(2) may be performed by use of the least square method with constraintconditions. As the constraint condition in this case, Equation (1) isheld in the input image; thus, it is conceivable that, as the power ofthe additional noise, the relationship represented by Equation (3)exists. Accordingly, by solving the minimization problem in which theconstraint condition of Equation (3) is added to Equation (2),correction of an image can be performed.

∥vt−Hvs∥ ²=ρ²  (3)

The evaluation function to be finally minimized can be represented as inEquation (4), letting γ denote the reciprocal of the Lagrange'sundetermined multiplier.

J=∥vt−Hvs∥ ²−ρ² +γ∥Cvs∥ ²  (4)

After that, by partially differentiating Equation (4) with respect tothe correction image vs to be obtained, the presumed value vss of thecorrection image to be obtained can be represented as in Equation (5).

vss=(H ^(T) H+γC ^(T) C)⁻¹ H ^(T) vt  (5)

In this situation, because Equation (5) includes large-size blockToeplitz matrices, a large amount of calculation is required to obtain aprecise solution. However, by performing approximate diagonalization byuse of DFT matrices, the solution can be obtained with a practicalamount of calculation.

In addition, the superscript “T” notated above and immediately to oneside of each variable in Equation (5) indicates the matrixtransposition. Additionally, the respective vector elements obtained byapplying the DFT to the correction image vs and the input image vt arerepresented by VSS(v₁, v₂), T(v₁, v₂); the respective diagonal elementsof the matrices obtained by approximately diagonalizing the matrices “H”and “C” by use of the DFT matrices are represented by H((v₁, v₂), C(v₁,v₂). Here, v₁ and v₂ (v₁=v₁ ₁, . . . , v_(1 M) and v₂=v₂ ₁, . . . ,v_(2 N)) are a spatial frequency component in horizontal direction and aspatial frequency component in vertical direction, respectively.

By utilizing these mathematical quantities, the correction image in theDFT domain is given by Equation (6).

$\begin{matrix}{{{{VSS}\left( {v_{1}, v_{2}} \right)} = {\frac{H^{*}\left( {v_{1},v_{2}} \right)}{\begin{matrix}{{{H\left( {v_{1},v_{2}} \right)}}^{2} +} \\{\gamma {{C\left( {v_{1},v_{2}} \right)}}^{2}}\end{matrix}} {T\left( {v_{1}, v_{2}} \right)}}} \left( {H^{*} \text{:}\mspace{14mu} {complex}\mspace{14mu} {conjugation}} \right)} & (6)\end{matrix}$

Accordingly, the correction image can be calculated by applying thetwo-dimensional discrete Fourier transformation to VSS(v₁, v₂).

As described above, in Embodiment 1, as the image-correction algorithmin the image correction means 102, the foregoing method is utilized;however, for example, the methods set forth in the following literaturesmay be used.

-   Literature 1: “Digital Image Restoration” written by H. C. Andrews    et al., published by Prentice Hall-   Literature 2: “Probability System Theory III” written by Sueo    Sugimoto, Chapter II edited by Yoshifumi Sunahara, published by    Asakura Shoten-   Literature 3: “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing” written by    Anil K. Jain, published by Prentice Hall-   Literature 4: “Image Processing Algorithm” written by Tsuneo Saito,    published by Kindaikagaku

<Correction-Image Edge Detection Means>

Next, the correction-image edge detection means 104 will be explained.The correction-image edge detection means 104 performs edge detectionprocessing for detecting edge components in a correction image. Inaddition, a correction image is a color image; however, thecorrection-image edge detection means 104 in Embodiment 1 applies theedge detection processing to the luminance signal for a correctionimage. Additionally, the edge detection processing is performed in thehorizontal direction as well as in the vertical direction.

An example of a horizontal-direction edge component in an image and anexample of a vertical-direction edge component are illustrated in FIGS.2 and 3, respectively. In addition, the horizontal-direction edgecomponent indicates an edge extending approximately in the horizontaldirection, and the vertical-direction edge component indicates an edgeextending approximately in the vertical direction.

In the first place, the detection processing for a horizontal-directionedge component will be explained. In the correction-image edge detectionmeans 104 according to Embodiment 1, a Sobel filter “H” represented byEquation (7) is utilized to detect a horizontal-direction edgecomponent. That is to say, filtering processing through the filterrepresented by Equation (7) is applied to the luminance signal for eachof pixels in a correction image, so that a horizontal-direction edgecomponent ImgH1 is obtained for each pixel.

$\begin{matrix}{H = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 2 & 1 \\0 & 0 & 0 \\{- 1} & {- 2} & {- 1}\end{bmatrix}} & (7)\end{matrix}$

Similarly, a Sobel filter “V” represented by Equation (8), i.e., thetranspose H′ of the matrix “H” represented by Equation (7) is utilizedto detect a vertical-direction edge component. That is to say, thefiltering processing through the filter represented by Equation (7) isapplied to the luminance signal for each of pixels in a correctionimage, so that a vertical-direction edge component ImgV1 is obtained foreach pixel.

$\begin{matrix}{V = {H^{\prime} = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & {- 1} \\2 & 0 & {- 2} \\1 & 0 & {- 1}\end{bmatrix}}} & (8)\end{matrix}$

After obtaining the horizontal-direction edge component ImgH1 and thevertical-direction edge component ImgV1 for each pixel, thecorrection-image edge detection means 104 outputs an edge-detectedcorrection image ImgS1 represented by Equation (9). As represented byEquation (9), the edge-detected correction image ImgS1 is the absolutesum, for each pixel, of the horizontal-direction edge component ImgH1and the vertical-direction edge component ImgV1.

ImgS1=abs(ImgH1)+abs(ImgV1)  (9)

<First Edge Determination Means>

Next, the first edge determination means 105 will be explained. Thefirst edge determination means 105 performs, for each of pixels in anedge-detected correction image, edge determination processing fordetermining whether a specific pixel includes noise or whether thespecific pixel is a pixel for the original edge portion of the image.

The edge determination processing by the first edge-determination means105 is performed in such processing as described below. Firstly, asrepresented by Equation (10), the edge-detected correction image ImgS1and a first threshold value thre_res are compared. After that, in thecase where the edge-detected correction image ImgS1 is smaller than thefirst threshold value thre_res, the pixel is determined to be noise or apseudo edge such as ringing. In contrast, in the case where theedge-detected correction image ImgS1 is larger than the first thresholdvalue thre_res, the pixel is determined to be an original edge portionof the image.

ImgS1<thre_res  (10)

In the case where the edge-detected correction image ImgS1 is smallerthan the first threshold value thre_res, i.e., in the case where thepixel is determined to be noise or a pseudo edge such as ringing, thefirst edge-determination means 105 outputs a pixel value “1” for thepixel. In addition, in the case where the edge-detected correction imageImgS1 is larger than the first threshold value thre_res, i.e., in thecase where the pixel is determined to be an original edge portion of theimage, the first edge-determination means 105 outputs a pixel value “0”for the pixel.

In other words, what is outputted from the first edge-determinationmeans 105 is a binarized image, which is binarized. The image outputtingmeans 106 described later utilizes the binarized image, asimage-selection information.

In addition, the first threshold value thre_res for the edgedetermination processing may be a predetermined constant or may bedecided based on image information such as the image storing format, thesize of an image file, or the contents of an image.

Methods of deciding, based on the contents of an image, the firstthreshold value thre_res include, for example, a method in which, asrepresented in FIGS. 4( a) and 4(b) with the ordinate denoting thenumber of pixels and the abscissa denoting the edge-detected correctionimage ImgS1, the distribution of the edge-detected correction imageImgS1 is obtained so as to decide the first threshold value thre_res. Ineach of FIGS. 4( a) and 4(b), pixels in the region 1 that is situated tothe left of the first threshold value thre_res are determined to benoise or pseudo edges such as ringing; pixels in the region 2 that issituated to the right of the first threshold value thre_res aredetermined to be original edge portions of the image. In addition, in anexperiment, an excellent result was obtained when the first thresholdvalue thre_res was decided in such a way that approximately 10% of allthe pixels that configure an image fell within the region 1. In thisregard, however, the proportion of pixels that fall within the region 1may adaptively be decided based on the distribution shape of theedge-detected correction images ImgS1 or a statistic quantity such asthe average value of the edge-detected correction images ImgS1.

Additionally, a method in which the first threshold value thre_res isdecided based on a function of an image-shake amount may be utilized.For example, as Equation (11), the first threshold value thre_res isdecided by the image-shake amount “x” and a coefficient “k”. Inaddition, a function, of an image-shake amount, other than the functionrepresented by Equation (11) may be utilized.

thre_res=k·x  (11)

<Image Outputting Means>

Next, the image outputting means 106 will be explained. By utilizing, asselection information, the binarized image outputted from the firstedge-determination means 105, the image outputting means 106 performsthe image output processing for selecting and outputting, for eachpixel, the input image or the correction image.

As described above, the first edge-determination means 105 outputs thepixel value “1” for the pixel that is determined to be noise or a pseudoedge such as ringing. Additionally, the first edge-determination means105 outputs the pixel value “0” for the pixel that is determined to bean original edge portion of the image.

Based on the foregoing pixel values, the image outputting means 105selects, for the pixel corresponding to the pixel value “1”, the inputimage stored in the input-image frame memory 101 and as an output image,outputs the selected input image.

In contrast, the image output means 106 selects, for the pixelcorresponding to the pixel value “0”, the correction image stored in thecorrection-image frame memory 103 and as an output image, outputs theselected correction image.

As discussed above, for the pixel having the pixel value “1”, i.e., thepixel that may include noise or a pseudo edge such as ringing causedthrough image processing, not a correction image but an input image isselected and outputted, whereby noise can be eliminated. Additionally,for the pixel having the pixel value “0”, i.e., the pixel that isdetermined to be an original edge portion of the image, theimage-processed correction image is outputted, whereby an image shakethat has been caused in the input image can be reduced.

As described above, based on information about the correction imageobtained by applying image processing to an input image, the imageprocessing device 10 according to Embodiment 1 selects and outputs theinput image or the correction image. Accordingly, noise such as ringingcaused through image processing can be reduced, whereby an image havingexcellent image quality can be obtained.

In addition, with regard to the correction-image edge detection meansaccording to Embodiment 1, a case in which a Sobel filter is utilizedfor edge detection processing to perform edge detection has beenexplained; however, the present invention is not limited thereto, andany means may be utilized as long as it can demonstrate the effect onedge detection. Additionally, a case has been explained in which thefiltering processing is performed both in the horizontal direction andin the vertical direction; however, the filtering processing may beperformed only in either one of these directions. Furthermore, a casehas been explained in which the edge detection processing is applied toa luminance signal; however, color-difference signals or R, G, and Bsignals may be utilized, and a combination of information pieces aboutthese colors may be utilized.

In addition, with regard to the first edge-determination means accordingto Embodiment 1, a case in which a threshold value is set based on theabsolute value of an edge-detected correction image so as to performedge detection processing has been explained; however, the presentinvention is not limited thereto, and any means may be utilized as longas it can demonstrate the same effect. Additionally, the pixel value ofa pixel that is determined to be noise and the pixel value of a pixelthat is an original edge portion of the image are indicated “1” and “0”,respectively; however, these pixels may be indicated the other wayaround. Furthermore, the first edge-determination means may output thesignal only in the case where the pixel value is indicated “1” or in thecase where the pixel value is indicated “0”.

Additionally, a case in which the edge detection processing, the edgedetermination processing, and the image output processing are performedper pixel has been explained; however, each of these processing itemsmay be performed per predetermined region such as a macro block or ablock. In this case, the average value of the pixel values of all thepixels, or the pixel value of the representative pixel, in thepredetermined region is utilized.

Additionally, a method in which processing is performed by use of animage edge has been explained; however, anything, other than an edge,which indicates the characteristics of an image may be utilized.

The image processing device 10 according to Embodiment 1 can be appliedto the correction of an image shake caused by a hand jiggle; however,the image processing device 10 can be applied to other image shakes thanthe one caused by a hand jiggle; moreover, the image processing device10 can also be applied, for example, to an image shake caused by themovement of the image-capturing system itself.

Embodiment 2

An image processing device 20 according to Embodiment 2 is configured byadding an input-image edge detection means 204 to the image processingdevice 10 according to Embodiment 1. Additionally, as a constituentelement corresponding to the first edge determination means 105, asecond edge determination means 205 is included. The second edgedetermination means 205 performs edge determination processing, based onthe output from the input-image edge detection means 204 and the outputfrom the correction-image edge detection means 104.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the imageprocessing device 20 according to Embodiment 2. In FIG. 5, constituentelements indicated by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 areidentical to or equivalent to the constituent elements in the imageprocessing device 10 according to Embodiment 1.

<Input-Image Edge Detection Means>

In the first place, the input-image edge detection means 204 will be,explained. The input-image edge detection means 204 performs edgedetection processing for detecting edge components in an input image andoutputs an edge-component-detected image (referred to as an“edge-detected input image”, hereinafter). In addition, the edgedetection processing performed by the input-image edge detection means204 is similar to the edge detection processing, described in Embodiment1, performed by the correction-image edge detection means 104.

That is to say, after obtaining a horizontal-direction edge componentImgH2 and a vertical-direction edge component ImgV2 for each pixel, theinput-image edge detection means 204 outputs an edge-detected inputimage ImgS2 represented by Equation (12).

ImgS2=abs(ImgH2)+abs(ImgV2)  (12)

<Second Edge Determination Means>

Next, the second edge determination means 205 will be explained. Thesecond edge determination unit 205 performs, for each pixel, edgedetermination processing for determining whether a specific pixelincludes noise or whether the specific pixel is a pixel for an originaledge portion of the image, based on an edge-detected input imageoutputted from the input-image edge detection means 204 and anedge-detected input image outputted from the correction-image edgedetection means 104.

The edge determination processing by the second edge-determination means205 is performed in such processing as described below. Firstly, theedge-detected correction image ImgS1 and the first threshold valuethre_res are compared. Furthermore, the edge-detected input image ImgS2and a second threshold value thre_deg are compared. Then, when Equation(13) is satisfied, i.e., only in the case where both the edge-detectedcorrection image and the edge-detected input image are smaller than thecorresponding threshold values, the second determination means 204determines a specific pixel to be noise caused through the imageprocessing by the image correction means 102 and then outputs the pixelvalue “1” for the specific pixel. In contrast, in other cases, thesecond edge-determination means 205 outputs the pixel value “0”.

In other words, the second determination means 204 determines only thepixels, which fall within the region 1 situated left to the firstthreshold value thre_res in FIGS. 4( a) and 4(b) with the ordinatedenoting the number of pixels and the abscissa denoting theedge-detected correction image ImgS1 and fall within the region 1situated left to the second threshold value thre_deg in FIGS. 6( a) and6(b) with the ordinate denoting the number of pixels and the abscissadenoting the edge-detected input image ImgS2, to be noise caused throughthe correction processing by the image correction means 102, and thenoutputs the pixel value “1” for each of those pixels.

ImgS1<thre_res, and, ImgS2<thre_deg  (13)

The reason why the above processing method has been employed isexplained below. That is to say, in the case where the edge-detectedinput image ImgS2 is larger than the second threshold value thre_deg,the pixel can be considered to be an original edge portion of the image.However, in some cases, the edge-detected correction image ImgS1 withregard to the pixel is smaller than the first threshold value thre_res.In such cases, if, as is the case with Embodiment 1, the output image isdecided based on the relationship between the edge-detected correctionimage ImgS1 and the first threshold value thre_res, the input imagehaving an image shake may be outputted. Accordingly, although noise suchas ringing in the output image is reduced, a blur may be caused at theperiphery of the image, due to the image shake.

In Embodiment 2, in consideration of the foregoing cases, for the pixelthat is determined to be an original edge portion of the image, i.e.,the pixel whose edge-detected input image ImgS2 is larger than thesecond threshold value thre_deg, not the input image that may include animage shake, but the correction image in which the image shake has beenreduced is outputted, whereby the image quality of the output image isenhanced.

In addition, as is the case with Embodiment 1, for the pixelcorresponding to the pixel value “1”, the image outputting means 106selects the input image stored in the input-image frame memory 101 andfor the pixel corresponding to the pixel value “0”, selects thecorrection image stored in the correction-image frame memory 103; then,the image output means 106 outputs the selected input and correctionimages, as an output image. In other words, what is outputted from thesecond edge-determination means 205 is a binarized image, which isbinarized.

As described above, the image processing device 20 according toEmbodiment 2 performs the edge determination processing, based on acorrection image and an input image. Accordingly, a correction image isoutputted at an original edge portion of the image; therefore, an outputimage having improved image quality can be obtained.

In addition, the method of deciding the second threshold value thre_degmay be the same as the method, of deciding the first threshold valuethre_res, which has been explained in Embodiment 1.

Additionally, a case in which, as is the case with Embodiment 1,threshold values are set so as to perform the edge detection processinghas been explained; however, the present invention is not limitedthereto, and any means may be utilized as long as it can demonstrate thesame effect. Additionally, the pixel that is determined to be noise andthe pixel that is an original edge portion of the image are indicated“1” and “0”, respectively; however, these pixels may be indicated theother way around. Furthermore, the signal may be outputted only in thecase where the pixel value is indicated “1” or in the case where thepixel value is indicated “0”.

Embodiment 3

An image processing device 30 according to Embodiment 3 is configured byadding a first selection-information changing means 307 to the imageprocessing device 20 according to Embodiment 2. The firstselection-information changing means 307 appropriately changes selectioninformation outputted from the second edge determination means 205 andoutputs the changed information to the image outputting means 106. Then,the image outputting means 106 selects and outputs an input image or acorrection image, based on the changed information.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an imageprocessing device 30 according to Embodiment 3. In FIG. 7, constituentelements indicated by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 5 areidentical to or equivalent to the constituent elements in the imageprocessing device 20 according to Embodiment 2.

<First Selection-Information Changing Means>

In the first place, the first selection-information changing means 307will be explained. As explained in Embodiment 2, in the second edgedetermination means 205, the edge determination is performed based on anedge-detected input image and an edge-detected correction image. On thisoccasion, in a group of pixels that are determined to be within anoriginal edge portion of the image, for example, only one pixel(referred to as an “isolated pixel”, hereinafter) that is determined tobe noise may intrude. In this case, the output image is in such a waythat the input image intrudes in the correction image; therefore, theinput image, i.e., the isolated pixel may visually be determined to benoise. The first selection-information changing means 307 performsisolated-pixel elimination processing for eliminating the isolatedpixel.

The isolated-pixel elimination processing by the firstselection-information changing means 307 will be explained below. In thefirst place, as explained in Embodiment 2, the second edge determinationmeans 205 outputs selection information in which the pixel that isdetermined to be noise and the pixel that is an original edge portion ofthe image are indicated “1” and “0”, respectively.

The first selection-information changing means 307 performs filteringprocessing by use of a median filter. In addition, a median filter is todetect the pixel values of pixels within a set region and then selectsthe pixel value of the pixels that account for the majority. Forexample, in the case where the set region for the median filter is 3pixels in height by 3 pixels in width and the pixel values in the regionare {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}, five pixels having the pixel value “0”and four pixels having the pixel value “1” exist; thus, after thefiltering processing through the median filter, all the pixel valuesbecome “0”. As described above, the first selection-information changingmeans 307 eliminates an isolated pixel, by use of a median filter.

In other words, the first selection-information changing means 307changes a binarized image, i.e., selection information, outputted fromthe second edge determination means 205, with reference to selectioninformation pieces on other pixels, and outputs the changed information.

As described above, the image processing device 30 according toEmbodiment 3 eliminates an isolated pixel, by use of the firstselection-information changing means 307. As a result, the image qualityof an output image is enhanced.

In addition, as the median filter utilized in the firstselection-information changing means 307, a median filter having a sizeof 3 pixels in height by 3 pixels in width has been explained; however,the present invention is not limited thereto, and a median filter, e.g.,of 19 pixels in height by 19 pixels in width may be utilized. Moreover,the median filter may have a shape other than a rectangle.

Still moreover, any other means than a median filter may be utilized aslong as it can eliminate an isolated pixel.

In addition, it has been explained that the image processing device 30is configured by adding the first selection-information changing means307 to the image processing device 20 according to Embodiment 2;however, the image processing device 30 may be configured by adding thefirst selection-information changing means 307 to the image processingdevice 10 according to Embodiment 1.

Embodiment 4

An image processing device 40 according to Embodiment 4 is configured byadding a second selection-information changing means 407 to the imageprocessing device 20 according to Embodiment 2. Additionally, the partcorresponding to the image outputting means 106 is configured with afirst gain controller 409, a second gain controller 410, and an adder411.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the imageprocessing device 40 according to Embodiment 4. In FIG. 8, constituentelements indicated by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 5 areidentical to or equivalent to the constituent elements in the imageprocessing device 20 according to Embodiment 2.

<Second Selection-Information Changing Means>

In the first place, the second selection-information changing means 407will be explained. As explained in Embodiment 3, an isolated pixel mayintrude in a binarized image outputted from the second edgedetermination means 205. The second selection-information changing means407 performs isolated-pixel elimination processing for eliminating theisolated pixel; it performs lowpass-filter processing as theisolated-pixel elimination processing.

For example, in the case where the pixel values are {0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0}and a three-tap lowpass filter is utilized, the pixel values after thefilter processing become {0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 0.75, 0.75, 0.25}. In otherwords, the binarized image outputted from the second edge determinationmeans 205 is converted by the second selection-information changingmeans 407 into a grayscale image in which pixel values are real numbersK_(i, j) from 0 to 1. In addition, “i”, “j” indicate the position of apixel. That is to say, the second selection-information changing means407 changes a binarized image, i.e., selection information, outputtedfrom the second edge determination means 205, with reference toselection information pieces on other pixels, and outputs the changedinformation.

<First and Second Gain Controllers and Adder>

Next, the first gain controller (a first image-outputting device) 408,the second gain controller (a second image-outputting device) 409, andthe adder (a third image-outputting device) 411 will be explained.K_(i, j) outputted from the second selection-information changing means407 is inputted to the first gain controller 408.

Additionally, 1−K_(i, j) is inputted to the second gain controller 409.Here, letting ImgIn_(ij) denote the pixel value of the input image atthe coordinates (i, j) and ImgC_(ij) denote the pixel value of thecorrection image at the coordinates (i, j), the processing representedby Equation (14) is performed in the first gain controller 408. Incontrast, the processing represented by Equation (15) is performed inthe second gain controller 409.

ImgC′_(ij)=ImgC_(ij) *K _(ij)  (14)

ImgIn′_(ij)=ImgIn_(ij)*(1−K _(ij))  (15)

Then, the filtered input-image value ImgIn′_(ij) and the filteredcorrection-image value ImgC′_(ij) are outputted to the adder 411. In theadder 411, the filtered input-image value ImgIn′_(ij) and the filteredcorrection-image value ImgC′_(ij) are added, and then the sum is clippedin accordance with the number of bits for an output image and rounded toa whole number, so that the output image is outputted.

ImgOut=clip(ImgI′_(ij)+ImgC′_(ij))  (16)

That is to say, the first gain controller 408 functions as the firstimage-outputting device for correcting the correction image, withreference to changed information outputted from the secondselection-information changing means 407, and outputting the correctedcorrection image. Additionally, the second gain controller 409 functionsas the second image-outputting device for correcting the input image,with reference to changed information outputted from the secondselection-information changing means 407, and outputting the correctedinput image. Additionally, the adder 411 functions as the thirdimage-outputting device for adding the corrected correction imageoutputted from the first gain controller 408 and the corrected inputimage outputted from the second gain controller 409 and then outputtingan output image.

The selection information inputted to the second selection-informationchanging means 407 is binarized information consisting of “0” and “1”;however, the second selection-information changing means 407 may regardthe binarized information as integers for a great number of gradations,e.g., integers for 256 gradations so as to perform thereinlowpass-filter processing. That is to say, the secondselection-information changing means 407 projects “0” to “0” and “1” to“255” so as to perform the lowpass-filter processing. Additionally, thefiltering processing may be performed through a floating-pointcalculation or may approximately be performed through an integercalculation. In particular, the filtering processing through the integercalculation enables the speed of the filtering processing to beenhanced.

In addition, in the case where the projection to 256 gradations isperformed, real-number creation processing for making K_(i, j) and[1−K_(i, j)] outputted from the second selection-information changingmeans 407 real numbers ranging from “0” to “1” is required; therefore,the second selection-information changing means 407 projects “0” to “0”and “1” to “255” and then outputs the projected figures.

In addition, in the foregoing description, in the case where theprojection to 256 gradations is performed by the secondselection-information changing means 407, K_(i, j) and 1−K_(i, j) aremade real and then outputted; however, K_(i, j) and 1−K_(i, j) may bemade real in such a way that no real-number creation processing isperformed in the second selection-information changing means 407, andK_(i, j) and 1−K_(i, j), as the original integers from “0” to “255”, areoutputted directly to the first gain controller 408 and the second gaincontroller 409, respectively, and then the integers are divided by 255in the corresponding gain controllers.

As described above, the image processing device 40 according toEmbodiment 4 performs the isolated-pixel elimination processing by useof a lowpass filter; therefore, the effect of the isolated-pixelelimination processing can be dispersed on the adjacent pixels, wherebythe image quality of an output image is enhanced.

In addition, in Embodiment 4, a case in which, as the isolated-pixelelimination processing, lowpass-filter processing is utilized has beenexplained; however, the present invention is not limited thereto, andany means may be utilized as long as it can also demonstrate the effectof eliminating an isolated pixel.

Moreover, it has been explained that, from the secondselection-information changing means 407, K_(i, j) is outputted to thefirst gain controller 408 and 1−K_(i, j) is outputted to the second gaincontroller 409; however, only K_(i, j) may be outputted from the secondselection-information changing means 407 and calculated with 1−K_(i, j)in the second gain controller 409.

Still moreover, it has been explained that the image processing device40 is configured by adding the second selection-information changingmeans 407 and the like to the image processing device 20 according toEmbodiment 2 so as to make replacement; however, the application can beimplemented in the image processing device 10 according to Embodiment 1.

1. An image processing device comprising: an image correction unit forapplying image-shake correction processing to an input image; acorrection-image characteristic detection unit for detecting acharacteristic of a correction image obtained through the image-shakecorrection processing; a first characteristic-determination unit foroutputting selection information, based on a characteristic-detectedcorrection image obtained through detection of the characteristic; andan image outputting unit for outputting the input image or thecorrection image, based on the selection information.
 2. An imageprocessing device comprising: an image correction unit for applyingimage-shake correction processing to an input image; a correction-imagecharacteristic detection unit for detecting a characteristic of acorrection image obtained through the image-shake correction processing;an input-image characteristic detection unit for detecting acharacteristic of the input image; a second characteristic-determinationunit for outputting selection information, based on acharacteristic-detected correction image obtained through detection ofthe characteristic of the correction image and a characteristic-detectedinput image obtained through detection of the characteristic of theinput image; and an image outputting unit for outputting the input imageor the correction image, based on the selection information.
 3. Theimage processing device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, furthercomprising a first selection-information changing unit for outputtingchanged information obtained by changing the selection information,wherein the image outputting unit outputs the input image or thecorrection image, based on the changed information.
 4. An imageprocessing device comprising: an image correction unit for applyingimage-shake correction processing to an input image; a correction-imagecharacteristic detection unit for detecting a characteristic of acorrection image obtained through the image-shake correction processing;a first characteristic-determination unit for outputting selectioninformation, based on a characteristic-detected correction imageobtained through detection of the characteristic of the correctionimage; a second selection-information changing unit for outputtingchanged information obtained by changing the selection information; afirst image outputting device for correcting and then outputting theinput image, based on the changed information; a second image outputtingdevice for correcting and then outputting the correction image, based onthe changed information; and a third image outputting device foroutputting an output image, based on the corrected input image and thecorrected correction image.
 5. The image processing device according toclaim 1, wherein the characteristic of an image is information on edgesof the image.
 6. The image processing device according to claim 1,wherein the detection of the characteristic of an image is performed foreach of predetermined regions that configure the image.
 7. The imageprocessing device according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined regionis a pixel.
 8. The image processing device according to claim 1, whereinthe selection information is a result of comparison between thecharacteristic-detected correction image and a first threshold value,and the image outputting unit outputs the input image in the case wherethe selection information indicates that the characteristic-detectedcorrection image is the same as or smaller than the first thresholdvalue and the correction image in the case where the selectioninformation indicates that the characteristic-detected correction imageis the same as or larger than the first threshold value.
 9. The imageprocessing device according to claim 2, wherein the selectioninformation is results of comparisons between thecharacteristic-detected correction image and a first threshold value andbetween the characteristic-detected input image and a second thresholdvalue, and the image outputting unit outputs the input image in the casewhere the selection information indicates that thecharacteristic-detected correction image is the same as or smaller thanthe first threshold value and the characteristic-detected input image isthe same as or smaller than the second threshold value and thecorrection image in the case where the selection information indicatesthat the characteristic-detected correction image is the same as orlarger than the first threshold value or the characteristic-detectedinput image is the same as or larger than the second threshold value.10. The image processing device according to claim 3, wherein the firstselection-information changing unit changes selection information on apredetermined region that is a subject of processing, with reference toselection information on a predetermined region other than the subjectof processing.
 11. The image processing device according to claim 10,wherein the first selection-information changing unit performs filteringprocessing by use of a median filter.
 12. The image processing deviceaccording to claim 4, wherein the second selection-information changingunit changes selection information on a predetermined region that is asubject of processing, with reference to selection information on apredetermined region other than the subject of processing.
 13. The imageprocessing device according to claim 12, wherein the secondselection-information changing unit performs lowpass-filter processing.14. An image processing method comprising: an image correction step ofapplying image-shake correction processing to an input image; acorrection-image characteristic detection step of detecting acharacteristic of a correction image obtained through the image-shakecorrection processing; a second first characteristic-determination stepof outputting selection information, based on a characteristic-detectedcorrection image obtained through detection of the characteristic; andan image outputting step of outputting the input image or the correctionimage, based on the selection information.
 15. An image processingmethod comprising: an image correction step of applying image-shakecorrection processing to an input image; a correction-imagecharacteristic detection step of detecting a characteristic of acorrection image obtained through the image-shake correction processing;an input-image characteristic detection step of detecting acharacteristic of the input image; a second characteristic-determinationstep of outputting selection information, based on acharacteristic-detected correction image obtained through detection ofthe characteristic of the correction image and a characteristic-detectedinput image obtained through detection of the characteristic of theinput image; and an image outputting step of outputting the input imageor the correction image, based on the selection information.
 16. Theimage processing device according to any one of claims 14 and 15,further comprising a first selection-information changing step ofoutputting changed information obtained by changing the selectioninformation, wherein the image outputting step outputs the input imageor the correction image, based on the changed information.
 17. An imageprocessing method comprising: an image correction step of applyingimage-shake correction processing to an input image; a correction-imagecharacteristic detection step of detecting a characteristic of acorrection image obtained through the image-shake correction processing;a first characteristic-determination step of outputting selectioninformation, based on a characteristic-detected correction imageobtained through detection of the characteristic of the correctionimage; a second selection-information changing step of outputtingchanged information obtained by changing the selection information; afirst image outputting step of correcting and then outputting the inputimage, based on the changed information; a second image outputting stepof correcting and then outputting the correction image, based on thechanged information; and a third image outputting step of outputting anoutput image, based on the corrected input image and the correctedcorrection image.
 18. An information terminal equipped with the imageprocessing device according to claim 1.